C4Â Photosynthesis Pathway
|
Species |
Photosynthesis pathway |
Mla citations |
|
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Abutilon muticum (Del.) Webb |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Acacia abyssinica Hochst. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Acacia ehrenbergiana (Forssk.) Hayne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Acacia elatior Brenan |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Acacia hamulosa Benth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Acacia raddiana Savi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Acacia seyal Del |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Achillea falcate L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Achyranthes aspera L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Aeluropus massuensia L. |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Amaranthus albus L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Amaranthus hybridus L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Ammannia baccifera L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Anabasis setifera Moq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Anastatica hierochuntica L. |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Anchusa milleris Spreng. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Andrachne aspera Spreng. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Aristida adscensionis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss.&Kralik |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Asphodelus tenuifolius (Cav.) Baker |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Asteriscus hierochunticus (Michon) Wiklund |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Astragalus annularis Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Astragalus corrugates Bertol |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Astragalus tribuloides Delile |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Avena fatua |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Blepharis attenuate Napper |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Boerhavia diffusa L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Boerhavia repens L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) stapf |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cadaba farinosa Frossk |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cadaba glandulosa Frossk. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Capparis cartilaginea Decne |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Capparis spinosa L. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Capsella pursa pastoris (L.) Medik |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) N.E.Br |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Caralluma russeliana (Courb. ex Brongn.) Cufod. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cenchrus ciliaris L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Chrozophora brocchiana Vis |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) Spreng. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl.) Spreng |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cissus quadrangularis L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cleome brachycarpa DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cleome chrysantha Decne. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cleome paradoxa R.Br. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
(Laetsch 156) |
||
|
Cleome scaposa DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cocculus pendulus (J.R.&G.Forst.) Diels |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cometes surattensis L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Commicarpus helenae (J.A.Schultes) Meikle |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Car.) Standley |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Commiphora kataf (Forssk.)Engl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Convolvulus asyrensis Kotchy |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus cephalopodus Alfarhan |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus deserti Hochst. & Steud |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus Fatemensis Kunze |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus hystrix Vahl. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Convolvulus spicatus Hallier f. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Corchorus antichorus (L.) Raeusch. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Corchorus olitorius L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Corchorus trilocularis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cressa cretica L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Crotalaria microphylla Vahl |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Crotalaria senegalense (Pers.) DC. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cucumis prophetarum L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cuscuta hyalina Roth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cynanchum acutum L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Cyperus conglomerates Rottb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Cyperus rotundus L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Dicoma tomentosa Cass. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Digera muricata (L.) Mast |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Diptergium glaucum Decne |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Echinops hussonii Boiss. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Echinops polyceras Boiss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Emex spinosus (L.) Campd |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Eragrostis minor Host. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Erythrococca abyssinica Pax. |
4C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia arabica T.Anderson |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia granulata Frossk |
4C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia prostrata Ait. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia retusa Frossk |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Euphorbia serpens Kunth |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Fagonia mollis Delile. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Fagonia ovalifolia Hadidi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Fagonia paulayana Wagner & Vierh. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Farsetia longisiliqua Decne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Farsetia stylosa R. Br |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ficus salicifolia Vahl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Frankenia revolute Frossk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Gisekia phranaceoides L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Glinus lotoides L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum (Decne.) bullock |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.)Briq.,Ann |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Gypsophila capillaries (Forssk.)C.Chr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Haloxylon scoparium Pomel |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Heliotropium arbainense Fresen. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Heliotropium digynum(Forssk.) |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Heliotropium kotschyi (Burnge) Gurke |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Heliotropium pterocarpum Hochst. & Steud. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Heliotropium strigosum Willd. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Indigofera argenata L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Indigofera carulea Roxb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Indigofera hoschstettei Baker |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Indigofera spinosa Frossk |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Iphiona scabra DC.k |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ipomea aquatica Forssk |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Kichxia floribunda (Boiss.) Taeckh. & Boulos |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Lasiurus hirsutus (Forssk.) |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Latipes sengalensis Kunth |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. f. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Launea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Launea mucronata subsp. cassiniana (Jaub.&Spach) N.Kilian |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Lavandula pubescens Decne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Lindenbergia indica O. Kuntze |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Mareua crassifolia Frossk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Mareua oblongifolia (Frossk.) A.Rich. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Melilotus indica L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Momordica balsamina L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Morettia canescens Boiss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Morettia parviflora Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Moringa peregrine (Forssk) F. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Nannorrhops ritchieana (Griff.) Aitch |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Nepeta deflersiana Schweinf. ex Hedge |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Neurada procumbens L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary, Hillc. & A.G.Mill |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ochtochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Odontanthera radians (Forssk.) D.V.Field |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Oxystelma esculentum (L.F.) R.Br |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pancratium sickenbergi Asch.&Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
|
Panicum turgidum Forssk. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Parkinsonia aculeate L |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Paronychia arabica (L.) DC |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Phoenix dactylifera L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin ex Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
|
Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pistacia khinjuk Stocks |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Poa bulbosa L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Polygala erioptera DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Polygonum argyrocoleum G. Kunze |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Portulaca quadrifida L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.)Benth. & Hook |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pulicaria orientalis Jaub. & Spach |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Reseda luteola L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Rhazya stricta Decne. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ricinus communis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ruellia patula Jacq |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Rumex vesicarius L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Salsola imbricata Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Salsola spinescens Moq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Salsola tetrandra Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Scrophularia arguta Soland.ex Ait. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Seddera virgata Hochst. & Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Senna alexandrina Mill. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Senna italica Mill. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sesuvium sesuviodes(Fenzl) Verdc. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sida rhambifolia L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sisybrium erysimoides Desef. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Solanum nigrum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Solanum sinaicum Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sonchus oleraceus |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Stipa capensis Thunb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Stipa parviflora Desf. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Mun. ex T. And |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Suaeda monica Frossk.ex J.F. Gmel. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Sueda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Taverniera lappacea (Forssk.) DC |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Tephorosia apollineae (Delile) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tephorosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
|
Tephrosia desertorum L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tragus racemosus (L.) All. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Trianthema portulacastrum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Trianthema sedifolia Visiani |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tribulus pentandrus Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tribulus pterocarpus Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Tribulus terrestris L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Trichodesma africanum (L.)R.Br. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Trichodesma ehrenbergiana Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Trisetaria macrochaeta (Boiss.) Maire |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Ziziphus spina christi (L)Desf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Zygophyllum album L.F |
4C |
  (Hatch 82) |
|
Zygophyllum coccienum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Zygophyllum quatarense Hadidi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
 Works Cited
Hatch, Michael D. “C4 photosynthesis: a unique blend of modified biochemistry, anatomy and ultrastructure.” Biochim Biophys Acta (2007): 81-106. print.
Hibberd, JM and Covshoff S. “The regulation of gene expression required for C4 photosynthesis.” Annu Review Plant (2010): 181-207. Print.
P., Laetsch. ” Photosynthesis and Photorespiration,.” Hatch, Osmond and Slatyer (2000): 154-160. print.



