C4Â Photosynthesis Pathway
Species |
Photosynthesis pathway |
Mla citations |
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Abutilon muticum (Del.) Webb |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Acacia abyssinica Hochst. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Acacia ehrenbergiana (Forssk.) Hayne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Acacia elatior Brenan |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Acacia hamulosa Benth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Acacia raddiana Savi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Acacia seyal Del |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Achillea falcate L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Achyranthes aspera L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Aeluropus massuensia L. |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Amaranthus albus L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Amaranthus hybridus L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Ammannia baccifera L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Anabasis setifera Moq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Anastatica hierochuntica L. |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Anchusa milleris Spreng. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Andrachne aspera Spreng. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Argemone ochroleuca Sweet |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Aristida adscensionis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss.&Kralik |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Asphodelus tenuifolius (Cav.) Baker |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Asteriscus hierochunticus (Michon) Wiklund |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus annularis Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus corrugates Bertol |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus tribuloides Delile |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Avena fatua |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Blepharis attenuate Napper |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Boerhavia diffusa L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Boerhavia repens L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) stapf |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cadaba farinosa Frossk |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cadaba glandulosa Frossk. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Capparis cartilaginea Decne |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Capparis spinosa L. |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Capsella pursa pastoris (L.) Medik |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) N.E.Br |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Caralluma russeliana (Courb. ex Brongn.) Cufod. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cenchrus ciliaris L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora brocchiana Vis |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) Spreng. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Chrozophora plicata (Vahl.) Spreng |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cissus quadrangularis L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cleome brachycarpa DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cleome chrysantha Decne. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cleome paradoxa R.Br. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
(Laetsch 156) |
||
Cleome scaposa DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cocculus pendulus (J.R.&G.Forst.) Diels |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cometes surattensis L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus helenae (J.A.Schultes) Meikle |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Car.) Standley |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Commiphora kataf (Forssk.)Engl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Convolvulus asyrensis Kotchy |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus cephalopodus Alfarhan |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus deserti Hochst. & Steud |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus Fatemensis Kunze |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy |
3C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus hystrix Vahl. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Convolvulus spicatus Hallier f. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus antichorus (L.) Raeusch. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus olitorius L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Corchorus trilocularis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cressa cretica L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Crotalaria microphylla Vahl |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Crotalaria senegalense (Pers.) DC. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cucumis prophetarum L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cuscuta hyalina Roth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cynanchum acutum L |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Cyperus conglomerates Rottb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Cyperus rotundus L. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P. Beauv |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Dicoma tomentosa Cass. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Digera muricata (L.) Mast |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Diptergium glaucum Decne |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Echinops hussonii Boiss. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Echinops polyceras Boiss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Emex spinosus (L.) Campd |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Eragrostis minor Host. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Erythrococca abyssinica Pax. |
4C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia arabica T.Anderson |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia granulata Frossk |
4C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia prostrata Ait. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia retusa Frossk |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia scordifolia Jacq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Euphorbia serpens Kunth |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia mollis Delile. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia ovalifolia Hadidi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Fagonia paulayana Wagner & Vierh. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Farsetia longisiliqua Decne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Farsetia stylosa R. Br |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ficus salicifolia Vahl |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Flaveria trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Frankenia revolute Frossk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Gisekia phranaceoides L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Glinus lotoides L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum (Decne.) bullock |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.)Briq.,Ann |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Gypsophila capillaries (Forssk.)C.Chr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Haloxylon scoparium Pomel |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium arbainense Fresen. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium digynum(Forssk.) |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Heliotropium kotschyi (Burnge) Gurke |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Heliotropium pterocarpum Hochst. & Steud. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Heliotropium strigosum Willd. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera argenata L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera carulea Roxb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Indigofera hoschstettei Baker |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Indigofera spinosa Frossk |
MAC |
(Laetsch 156) |
Iphiona scabra DC.k |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ipomea aquatica Forssk |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Kichxia floribunda (Boiss.) Taeckh. & Boulos |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Lasiurus hirsutus (Forssk.) |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Latipes sengalensis Kunth |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. f. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Launea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Launea mucronata subsp. cassiniana (Jaub.&Spach) N.Kilian |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Lavandula pubescens Decne |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Lindenbergia indica O. Kuntze |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Mareua crassifolia Frossk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Mareua oblongifolia (Frossk.) A.Rich. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Melilotus indica L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Momordica balsamina L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Morettia canescens Boiss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Morettia parviflora Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Moringa peregrine (Forssk) F. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Nannorrhops ritchieana (Griff.) Aitch |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Nepeta deflersiana Schweinf. ex Hedge |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Neurada procumbens L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ochradenus arabicus Chaudhary, Hillc. & A.G.Mill |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ochtochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Odontanthera radians (Forssk.) D.V.Field |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Oxystelma esculentum (L.F.) R.Br |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pancratium sickenbergi Asch.&Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
|
Panicum turgidum Forssk. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Parkinsonia aculeate L |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Paronychia arabica (L.) DC |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Phoenix dactylifera L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin ex Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. |
4C |
(Hibberd and S 183) |
Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pistacia khinjuk Stocks |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Poa bulbosa L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Polygala erioptera DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Polygonum argyrocoleum G. Kunze |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Portulaca quadrifida L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.)Benth. & Hook |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pulicaria orientalis Jaub. & Spach |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Reseda luteola L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Rhazya stricta Decne. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ricinus communis L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ruellia patula Jacq |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Rumex vesicarius L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Salsola imbricata Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Salsola spinescens Moq. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Salsola tetrandra Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Scrophularia arguta Soland.ex Ait. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Seddera virgata Hochst. & Steud. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Senna alexandrina Mill. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Senna italica Mill. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sesuvium sesuviodes(Fenzl) Verdc. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sida rhambifolia L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sisybrium erysimoides Desef. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Solanum nigrum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Solanum sinaicum Boiss. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sonchus oleraceus |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Stipa capensis Thunb. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Stipa parviflora Desf. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Mun. ex T. And |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Suaeda monica Frossk.ex J.F. Gmel. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Sueda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Taverniera lappacea (Forssk.) DC |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Tephorosia apollineae (Delile) DC |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tephorosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker |
4C |
(Hatch 82) |
Tephrosia desertorum L. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tragus racemosus (L.) All. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Trianthema portulacastrum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Trianthema sedifolia Visiani |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus pentandrus Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus pterocarpus Forssk. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Tribulus terrestris L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Trichodesma africanum (L.)R.Br. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Trichodesma ehrenbergiana Schweinf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Trisetaria macrochaeta (Boiss.) Maire |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Zaleya pentandra (L.) C. Jeffrey |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Ziziphus spina christi (L)Desf |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Zygophyllum album L.F |
4C |
  (Hatch 82) |
Zygophyllum coccienum L |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
Zygophyllum quatarense Hadidi |
3C |
(Laetsch 156) |
 Works Cited
Hatch, Michael D. “C4 photosynthesis: a unique blend of modified biochemistry, anatomy and ultrastructure.” Biochim Biophys Acta (2007): 81-106. print.
Hibberd, JM and Covshoff S. “The regulation of gene expression required for C4 photosynthesis.” Annu Review Plant (2010): 181-207. Print.
P., Laetsch. ” Photosynthesis and Photorespiration,.” Hatch, Osmond and Slatyer (2000): 154-160. print.