Introduction In decades various pharmaceutical companies have strived to launch new drugs to control the population. The pressure is inevitable; patents are expiring and pipelines failing. Severe measures in many states have recorded an increase in the local and global…
Tag: Health and Social Care
Health promotion programs examples – Term Paper
Ideally, there are clear similarities and differences between a private and publicly funded health promotion programs. In public hospitals, for example, the numbers of patients seeking for healthcare are more as opposed to private hospitals. The difference in the populations…
Universal Health Care Plan – Term Paper
I support and this is because of various reasons. The national healthcare plan is an important program especially in America where there are over 40 million uninsured citizens. It is an important strategy where the government finances health care as…
Health Behavior and Governmental Influence – Term Paper
Healthy Living Campaign As from 1800’s, public health has become the number one motive to the United States government. Any public matters and rights acknowledge the state as a permitted sector allowed to safeguard the public health and wellbeing. To…
Healthcare and Financial Issues – Term Paper
Healthcare & Financial Issues The history of the American healthcare system has experienced some form of distray. Despite the introduction of the managed care (sought to bring the cost of healthcare down), Americans have expressed fear that the costs of…
Ugly Genes – Term Paper
Why doesn’t evolution get rid of ugly people? Based on the precepts of natural selection, species with inferior traits are bound to be wiped out with time, leaving only the fit species to survive and propagate future offspring of the…
World Hunger – Term Paper
Poverty and hunger have for a long time been a global issue with approximately 1.2 billion people world over living in extreme poverty and surviving on less than one dollar each single day. Poverty and hunger go in line since…
IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND OTHER FACTORS – Term Paper
IntroductionThis project describes the management of diabetes, according to certain demographic factors via the monitoring of HbA1c results over a three-year period (2012-2014). The impact of these factors including age, gender, diagnosis, and referral location on glycemia was established. Patient history records were analyzed to determine factors associated with the lower glycemia levels throughout the two-year period.Aims• To characterize glycemia in individual patients attending Kuwaiti Inpatient and Outpatient facilities over a two-year period• To establish associations of glycemia with demographic factors (age, sex), clinical diagnosis (diabetes and other medical conditions), and referral locationMethodsA retrospective observational study of glycemia was performed in a population of patients attending Kuwaiti hospital and outpatient facilities between 2012 and 2014. Information collected included age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and referral location. Glycemia was assessed by measurement of non-fasting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Associations of glycemia with demographic and other factors were established-tests and other statistical processes were performed.ResultsHbA1c measurements were made in 854 patients between January 2012 and September 2014. Patients were omitted depending on the information available for the various categories. The calculated mean and standard deviation (SD) HbA1c of all patients was 7.81%±1.98.In total, 305 male patients were analyzed ranging from 13 years old to 89 years old. Their mean HbA1c was 8.06% with an SD of ±0.11.Overall, 297 female patients were analyzed with ages ranging from 10 years old to 90 years old. Their mean HbA1c was 7.89% with an SD of ±0.33.Although females experienced more fluctuations in their glycemic control from 2012-2014, they had lower glycemic levels overall compared to the male patients.The lower HbA1c levels with a decreasing glycemic level trend belonged to the twenty-one to thirty-year-old patients; twelve patients were analyzed and found to have an average HbA1c of 7.96% with an SD of ±0.86. They achieved one of the lowest glycemic values compared to the other age ranges. In the data collected for three years, their HbA1c level continuously decreased to a stable range.Because the inpatient and polyclinic patients experienced many fluctuations with their results increasing and decreasing in glycemic values, the outpatient patients maintained lower glycemic levels. The outpatient location started with poor HbA1c values of 9.2% and 10.4%respectively, but then decreased thelevels and maintained a rather stable level of glycemia with an average HbA1c value of 7.5% in 2014. The overall average for this group was 8.04% with a standard deviation of ±0.99.Patients categorized as diabetics under the diagnosis portion of their request forms managed their glycemic levels over a three-year period (2012-2014). The patients in this group decreased their glycemic levels gradually over the period of this study. The average HbA1c value from 2012-2013 was 8.37% with an SD of ±0.24 for the diabetic patients, while from 2013-2014 the average HbA1c for diabetic patients was 8.11% with an SD of ±0.11 with a P-value of 0.96 which concludes an insignificant difference.ConclusionFemale patients (n=297) had lower glycemia than male patients (n=305). This might be because of more hormonal changes in females than males and the lifestyle changes more females tend to make such as dieting. Lower Glycemia was observed in 21-30-year-old patients than any other age group. Glycemia was higher in inpatients than in outpatients because inpatients are more reliant on medications that may alter their glucose levels or be used to maintain a healthy glucose level. HbA1c gradually decreased in glycemic levels for diabetic patients than it did for any other diagnosis. Therefore, as study portrayed the HbA1c levels in various broad categories, future studies ought to focus on one of the groups and analyze it with detail in order to help maintain healthy glycemic levels.CHAPTER ONEAbstractIntroductionThis project describes the management of diabetes, according to certain demographic factors via the monitoring of HbA1c results over a three-year period (2012-2014). The impact of these factors including age, gender, diagnosis, and referral location on glycemia was established. Patient history records were analyzed to determine factors associated with the lower glycemia levels throughout the two-year period.Aims• To characterize glycemia in individual patients attending Kuwaiti Inpatient and Outpatient facilities over a two-year period• To establish associations of glycemia with demographic factors (age, sex), clinical diagnosis (diabetes and other medical conditions), and referral locationMethodsA retrospective observational study of glycemia was performed in a population of patients attending Kuwaiti hospital and outpatient facilities between 2012 and 2014. Information collected included age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and referral location. Glycemia was assessed by measurement of non-fasting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Associations of glycemia with demographic and other factors were established-tests and other statistical processes were performed.ResultsHbA1c measurements were made in 854 patients between January 2012 and September 2014. Patients were omitted depending on the information available for the various categories. The calculated mean and standard deviation (SD) HbA1c of all patients was 7.81%±1.98.In total, 305 male patients were analyzed ranging from 13 years old to 89 years old. Their mean HbA1c was 8.06% with an SD of ±0.11.Overall, 297 female patients were analyzed with ages ranging from 10 years old to 90 years old. Their mean HbA1c was 7.89% with an SD of ±0.33.Although females experienced more fluctuations in their glycemic control from 2012-2014, they had lower glycemic levels overall compared to the male patients.The lower HbA1c levels with a decreasing glycemic level trend belonged to the twenty-one to thirty-year-old patients; twelve patients were analyzed and found to have an average HbA1c of 7.96% with an SD of ±0.86. They achieved one of the lowest glycemic values compared to the other age ranges. In the data collected for three years, their HbA1c level continuously decreased to a stable range.Because the inpatient and polyclinic patients experienced many fluctuations with their results increasing and decreasing in glycemic values, the outpatient patients maintained lower glycemic levels. The outpatient location started with poor HbA1c values of 9.2% and 10.4%respectively, but then decreased thelevels and maintained a rather stable level of glycemia with an average HbA1c value of 7.5% in 2014. The overall average for this group was 8.04% with a standard deviation of ±0.99.Patients categorized as diabetics under the diagnosis portion of their request forms managed their glycemic levels over a three-year period (2012-2014). The patients in this group decreased their glycemic levels gradually over the period of this study. The average HbA1c value from 2012-2013 was 8.37% with an SD of ±0.24 for the diabetic patients, while from 2013-2014 the average HbA1c for diabetic patients was 8.11% with an SD of ±0.11 with a P-value of 0.96 which concludes an insignificant difference.ConclusionFemale patients (n=297) had lower glycemia than male patients (n=305). This might be because of more hormonal changes in females than males and the lifestyle changes more females tend to make such as dieting. Lower Glycemia was observed in 21-30-year-old patients than any other age group. Glycemia was higher in inpatients than in outpatients because inpatients are more reliant on medications that may alter their glucose levels or be used to maintain a healthy glucose level. HbA1c gradually decreased in glycemic levels for diabetic patients than it did for any other diagnosis. Therefore, as study portrayed the HbA1c levels in various broad categories, future studies ought to focus on one of the groups and analyze it with detail in order to help maintain healthy glycemic levels.
Global health research – Term Paper
Uganda health issues Uganda is a country in East Africa that lies between latitude 4012’N and 1029’S and longitude 29034’W and 3500’E. The current population of Uganda is estimated to be 38.8 million people. The highest mortality rates in Uganda…
Gender, Culture and Health Promotion: Making Connections – Term Paper
What is a social ecological or multi-systemic approach to health, and why does Health Psychology (HP Key Concepts text) and Health Promotion/Public Health (Prilleltensky, Theory at a Glance (Natl Cancer Institute, Kickbusch) favor this approach? Please use at least two…