1. Name and explain two types of prewriting. Demonstrate each of your chosen prewriting methods using the topic below. Recycling

Brainstorming

It is a method of prewriting that aids in transforming the subconscious ideas to consciousness. It is applicable where a writer knows the general subject but does not know what aspect of the topic to pursue. It entails recording of ideas related to the topic. Once the writer has exhausted the philosophies, it requires him to review them and cross off some thoughts and pairing concepts that are related. This helps for a base of research and allows a writer to be relevant when writing an essay.

Example; Recycling

· Waste products

· Plastic waste and Organic waste (biodegradable waste)

· Importance of recycling

· Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources

· Toxicity of waste such as e-waste to the environment

· Energy saving

· Global warming

· Pollution of environment

· Metal, plastic, glass and wood recycle

· Aesthetic benefit of recycling 

· Curbside collection and Material Recycling Facility

· Campaigns to promote reuse of household products

Asking Questions

It is where a writer is required to come up with questions that are relevant to the topic. These questions include; who? What? Where? When? Why? This is used by the journalist and it assists them to come up with a detailed research on an issue that concerns and inform the society. The writer may generate more specific topic related questions depending on the assignment. It helps narrow the subject and form the basis of research. More so, when answering the questions the research gains a specific perspective.

Example; Recycling

· What is recycling?

· What can be recycled?

· What are the benefits of recycling?

· How can recycling address the issue of environmental pollution?

· Is it possible to recycle at home?

· What are the methods of recycling?

· Is recycling going to reduce the risk of global warming?

· What can be done to influence people to embrace recycling in their day to day lives?

2. Name and explain the steps of the writing process. Be sure to include why each step is important

Prewriting

It deals with finding ideas about a specific topic of research. This can be achieved through brainstorming and writing down the concepts as they come. These thoughts can be from daily routine, childhood experiences or from education practice. In this stage the power of imagination assists in the philosophy formulation. Moreover, it aids in building on notions. This is achieved through pairing of perceptions that one has already written down and leads to a basis of further inquiry on the subject. Eventually, the ideas help in choosing what to write about.

Writing

This includes composing an essay based on the compiled thoughts. The writer is supposed to write without considering the word count and focus on putting down the relevant points of the subject. It is also known as drafting which requires the writer to eliminate any distractions or come up with an appropriate time to write.

Revision

This involves a process known as the ARRR which means adding, rearranging, removing and replacing an adding. Adding involves incorporating ideas that are relevant to the essay and are not incorporated. This occurs especially if the required word count is not achieved. Rearranging is where the writer is required to organize the article in the correct flow, pacing and sequence. This considers issues as whether the events in the paper are better if they are paired or follow a certain order. This gives the story its relevance and makes the readers more enthusiastic while reading. In addition, removing is a procedure where the writer is required to eliminate information that might be considered irrelevant to the subject of research. This only happens if the word count has exceeded the requirements. It helps in sticking to rules of the essay and avoid overload of data. Finally, in the replacing practice, the writer is allowed to get a second opinion on the article. This allows the writer to be able to identify any information that needs to be excluded and substituted with a new set of data. This happens especially if the fact provided does not contribute to the research.

Editing

The writer is required to review the entire article and check mistakes such as repetition, grammar punctuation and spelling. This process involves a serious review and writers are advised to use professional skills so as to ensure that no mistakes are published.

Publishing

It involves delivering an article to the public for them to read and benefit from the information. This could be online publishing or printing out the essay and distributing it to the relevant recipients.

3. Identify three clichés. Use each one in a sentence that demonstrates its meaning (Please note that the cliché must be part of an original sentence and cannot be in a sentence in itself)

Clichés are expressions that become common and well known. Examples include;

· Time will tell.

I have been working on a project and I have invested most of my time and energy on it but time will tell if all that sacrifice was worth.

 · Opposite attract.

John enjoys listening to music and Jessica is amused with sport activities and they manage to be in a relationship for long. This explains the fact that opposite attract.

· Frightened to death.

I was frightened to death when John pranked me while we were taking a walk in a forested road.

· What goes around comes around

Judy was involved in a fight with Jessica and when John came to mediate she told Judy that what goes around comes around because she had bruised Jessica on her chin.

4. Write a paragraph of at least eight sentences comparing and contrasting the topic ‘Going to a movie theatre and watching a movie home.

Going to watch movies in the theatre gives an experience of being in a room with people of different social status and backgrounds. It presents a chance to interact and share opinions of the movies with friends. This builds a network of opinions where people validate opinions and this boosts self-esteem and confidence. However, going to the theatre has related costs in terms of time and cash which can otherwise be used to secure a ticket and transport to an auditorium. Watching a film at home enables one to save on cash because it requires less money to rent or buy a movie from the stores. More so, one is able to invite friends, something which rarely happens. However, one might be constrained to watching a movie alone which eliminates the fun part of discussing opinions on how the movie was produced and its impact on the people.

5. How to pack for a weekend trip

First, ensure that there are required permits and documents that are required to get to the destination of choice. These might include passports and visa if necessary. In addition, payment receipts of the hotels and flights booked should be packed first. The second thing is to ensure that there is enough money to cater to the expenses for the entire weekend. Next is to come up with a list of things that would be required to carry for the trip. This might include personal effects such as toothbrush, toothpaste, body oils, sunscreen, clothing, shoes among others. It is advisable to first research on the activities in which one would be involved and climate to the end of the journey. This assists in packing the correct attire; for example if the climate is hot and swimming will be part of the activities then it is right to pack light clothes and bathing costumes. When the list is finished then it is advisable to start packing while ticking the supplies already placed in the bags. This ensures that nothing is forgotten. Finally, it is a requirement to carry with emergency pills that might be required in the case of illness and example is if one has a past condition of asthma, it is prudent to carry inhalers.